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Automatic Loudness Control
The second method is to sample the average loudness of a channel at regular
intervals and make sure that these lie within the regulated tolerances for
loudness. This is easier in a broadcast / live environment as the start and end
periods of a program do not need to be known. The encoder tries to dynamically
adjust the loudness to keep to the target level. The encoder settings control how
dynamically the encoder responds. This is the method that is adopted by audio
loudness correction systems operating in a live environment.
In a broadcast / live environment there is always going to be a problem of knowing
when to correct an excess of loudness and when it should be allowed because it is
part of a dynamic program which is correctly formatted for the regulations when
measured as a whole.
F.1.2 Corrective Measures
Ericsson’s Automatic Loudness Control has 3 components:
1. Measurement.
2. Short Term Audio Loudness Correction (ALC).
3. Long Term Audio Loudness Correction (LTLC).
Loudness
Measure
Loudness
Correction
Audio
Source
Audio
Encoding
Peak Level
Limiter
ALC
+
LTLC
Figure F.1 Corrective Measures
The Measurement stage measures the loudness of the raw audio prior to encoding
dio
s.
(and if applicable after an input decode stage). The measurement uses the
algorithm defined in ITU-R BS.1770-2. It provides an Integrated Loudness
Measurement; this is a long measurement using data collected since the au
channel was configured or since the statistics were last reset. It also provides a
short measurement of the loudness of the last three second window. All
measurements are made prior to any corrections and any encode proces
2/1553-
FGC 101 1400 Uen B
F-4
- SPR1100 Stream Processor 1
- Revision History 4
- Trademarks 4
- Warnings, Cautions and Notes 5
- EMC Compliance 5
- Contact Information 6
- 1 Introduction 9
- 1.1 Introduction 11
- Marketing Code Price Object 13
- Supply Object 13
- Description 13
- Introduction 15
- 1.3 Summary of Features 22
- MPEG-4 HD MPEG-4 HD 25
- MPEG-4 SD 25
- MPEG-4 SD different bit rate 25
- 1.3.2 Audio Processing 26
- 1.3.3 Data PIDs 28
- 1.3.4 Service Components 29
- 1.3.5 PID Processing 29
- 1.3.6 Table Processing 30
- 1.3.7 Transport Streams 30
- 1.3.8 Redundancy 30
- 1.3.9 SPR1100 and nCC 31
- 1.4 Front Panel 32
- 1.5 Base Units 33
- 1.6 Rear Panels 34
- 2 Installing the Equipment 37
- 2.1 Read This First! 39
- 2.2 Preliminary Checks 40
- 2.3.2 Ventilation 41
- Cautions! 42
- Warnings! 42
- 2.5 AC Supply Operation 43
- 2.5.2 AC Power Supply Cord 44
- 2.6 DC Power Operation 45
- 2.8 Signal Connections 48
- Installing the Equipment 49
- 3 Getting Started 51
- 3.1 Introduction 53
- Getting Started 55
- Services 62
- 3.17 How to Monitor Alarms 71
- 4 Front Panel Control 73
- 4.1 Introduction 75
- 4.2.3 LCD 76
- 4.3 Front Panel Menus 77
- 4.3.1 Top-Level Menu 78
- 4.3.2 System Menu 78
- 4.3.4 System > Alarms 79
- 4.3.5 System > Versions 80
- 4.3.6 System > HW Config 80
- Front Panel Control 81
- 5 Web GUI Control 83
- 5.1.1 Title Bar 88
- 5.1.4 About Button 88
- 5.1.5 Tabs 89
- 5.1.6 Navigation Path 89
- 5.1.8 Web Pages 90
- 5.1.10 Results Frame 91
- 5.2 Status 93
- 5.3 Alarms 95
- 5.3.2 Alarms > History 96
- 5.3.3 Alarms > Set Mask 96
- 5.4 Configure 98
- 5.4.3 Configure > System 99
- Web GUI Control 101
- 2/1553-FGC 101 1400 Uen B 101
- 5.5 Versions 163
- 5.5.2 Versions > Details 165
- 5.6 Support 167
- Chapter 6 171
- Contents 171
- 6.1.3 MPEG Layer 176
- 6.1.4 RTP Layer 176
- 6.1.5 UDP Layer 177
- 6.1.6 IP Layer 177
- 6.1.7 Ethernet Layer 177
- 6.1.8 IP Overhead 177
- 6.2.1 Overview 178
- 6.2.2 Services 180
- 6.2.4 Audio Output 182
- 6.2.5 Transport Packets 182
- 6.3 SPR1100 Redundancy 183
- 6.4 IP Interface Redundancy 184
- 6.4.3 Same Network Mode 186
- 6.5 Device Redundancy 188
- 6.6.1 System Architecture 192
- 6.6.2 Ethernet Interfaces 193
- 6.6.3 Multicast Routing 193
- 6.6.4 Forwarding Capacity 193
- 6.6.5 IGMP Snooping 193
- 6.6.7 MGP 194
- Port TCP/UDP Description 195
- 6.7 Temperature Monitoring 196
- 6.7.3 Fans 197
- 6.8.1 Real Time Clock 197
- 6.9.1 Supported Protocols 198
- 6.9.2 Operation 198
- 6.10 XPO 199
- 6.11 Clock & Timing 199
- Chapter 7 201
- 7.1 Introduction 203
- (SPR/HWO/MPM1) 203
- 7.2.1 Inputs and Outputs 204
- 7.2.2 Loss of Video Input 204
- 7.2.3 Output Bit Rate 204
- 7.2.5 Transport Packets 204
- Caution! 205
- Warning! 205
- 7.4 Obtaining New Licenses 209
- 7.6 Installing a Patch File 211
- Chapter 8 213
- 8.1 Introduction 215
- 8.2 Preventive Maintenance 215
- 8.3 Maintenance and Support 216
- 8.4 Alarms 217
- 8.5 Fault-finding 218
- 8.5.5 Cannot Access Web GUI 222
- 8.6 SNMP Traps 225
- 8.6.2 Using SNMP Traps 226
- 8.7 Viewing Log Files 227
- A Glossary 231
- B Technical Specification 251
- B.2.1 Overview 253
- B.2.2 IP Parameters 254
- B.2.3 MAC Address 254
- B.3.1 Overview 254
- B.3.2 Data Port Parameters 255
- B.3.3 IP Parameters 255
- B.3.4 MAC Address 255
- B.4.1 Overview 255
- B.4.2 Video Formats 256
- Item Specification 257
- B.5 Environmental 258
- B.6 Power Supply 259
- B.7 Compliance 260
- B.7.2 EMC 261
- B.7.3 Telecommunications 261
- B.7.4 CE Marking 261
- B.7.5 C-Tick Mark 262
- B.7.6 Packaging Statement 262
- B.7.7 Packaging Markings 262
- Technical Specification 263
- FGC 101 1400 Uen B 263
- B.7.9 Equipment Disposal 264
- B.7.10 Lithium Batteries 264
- B.7.11 Recycling 265
- C Audio Coding Standards 267
- C.1.1 MPEG 269
- C.1.2 MPEG-1 Layer I/II 269
- C.1.3 Dolby Digital 269
- C.1.5 Dolby E 270
- D Dolby Metadata Presets 271
- D.1 Dolby Metadata Presets 273
- Selected Option Description 274
- E Alarm Lists 275
- E.1 Alarms 277
- Operation Effect 278
- Annex F 289
- F.1 Overview 291
- F.1.2 Corrective Measures 292
- F.2 Operation 293
- F.2.2 Configuration 294
- Automatic Loudness Control 295
- F.3 The Audio Pipeline 297
- F.4 Standards Compliance 298
- F.4.4 Further Information 299
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